By Susan Fox (auth.), Susan Fox, Robert A. Mickler (eds.)
ISBN-10: 1461208092
ISBN-13: 9781461208099
ISBN-10: 1461269091
ISBN-13: 9781461269090
The public's perspective towards pollution within the usa advanced considerably throughout the Nineteen Sixties. one of many result of the nation's rising environmental ethic was once the construction of the U. S. Environmental defense organization (EPA) in December of 1970. ahead of this time, learn used to be serious about the affects of pollution on human health and wellbeing and welfare and used to be mostly performed by means of a number of federal learn organizations, which incorporated the dep. of healthiness, schooling, and Welfare; the nationwide Oceanic and Atmospheric management; and the U. S. division of Agricul ture. After the construction of the EPA, a lot of this paintings used to be consolidated in a single regulatory business enterprise, which led to periodic reviews of a number of the results of atmospheric toxins on human wellbeing and fitness, fabrics, agriculture, and wooded area ecosystems. whilst that environmental curiosity used to be growing to be within the usa, obstacle elevated within the ecu clinical neighborhood and public over the ecological affects of acidic deposition. because the value of the wear to eu lakes and streams and the frequent decline in Norway spruce and silver fir used to be mentioned, predicament that related difficulties have been happening within the usa elevated considerably. This obstacle was once heightened via press stories of excessive elevation spruce-fir wooded area declines within the Adirondack and Appalachian Mountains and the decline and demise of sugar maples within the northeastern usa and Canada.
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Additional info for Impact of Air Pollutants on Southern Pine Forests
Example text
A related taxon from southern Mexico and Guatemala has been described as P. strobus var. chiapensis Martinez, but quantitative analysis by Andresen (1964, 1966) placed it in a distinct species, P. chiapensis (Matinez) Andresen. 4 billion m3 of lumber (Burns and Honkala, 1990). By the late 1800s, these stands were cut for the lightweight, straight-grained, light-brown wood for use in ship building, bridge building, and house building. Eastern white pine has a larger range than any of the hapoxylon pines in the New World.
6. Insects and Diseases of Southern Pinesa Host Insect Defoliators Blackheaded pine sawfly Introduced pine sawfly Loblolly pine sawfly Pine colaspis Pine webworm Redheaded pine sawfly Texas leafcutting ant Virginia pine sawfly Location Neodiprion excitans Southern pines Florida Diprion simi/is Eastern white pine Southern pines North Carolina Slash pine Regionwide Rohwer (Hartig) Neodiprion taedae linearis Ross Colaspis pini Barber Regionwide Tetralopha robustella Zeller Neodiprion lecontei Shortleaf pine Regionwide Southern pines Atta texana Southern pines Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Tennessee Louisiana, Texas Neodiprion pratti pratti (Dyar) Southern pines North carolina, South Carolina, Virginia Southern pines Southern pines South Carolina Regionwide Southern pines Regionwide Southern pines Regionwide Southern pines Regionwide Southern pines Regionwide Southern pines Southern pines Regionwide North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia Gulf Coast from Florida to Texas (Fitch) (Buckley) Bark Beetles & Borers Ambrosia beetle Xyleborus spp.
Slash pine is a subclimax species that is replaced by various hardwoods, depending on soil moisture. Across much of the South, pine stands represent a transitional stage in natural succession to hardwood forest types. Mixed pine-hardwood stands are typically composed of 50% or more oak and other hardwoods and 25 to 50% pine. Common pine-hardwood associations include longleaf pinescrub oak, shortleaf pine-oak, virginia pine-oak, loblolly pine-hardwood, and slash pine-hardwood. Net annual growth, removals, and mortality are common measures of productivity of the timber resource.
Impact of Air Pollutants on Southern Pine Forests by Susan Fox (auth.), Susan Fox, Robert A. Mickler (eds.)
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