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Read e-book online Hydrogen-selective silica membranes for use in membrane PDF

By Arian Nijmeijer

ISBN-10: 9036513863

ISBN-13: 9789036513869

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Additional info for Hydrogen-selective silica membranes for use in membrane steam reforming

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As a result, a double layer is formed, similar to ionic electrostatic repulsion. In ionic solutions, the hydration repulsive force occurs simultaneously with the electrostatic force, while the proportion of the two forces depends on the ionic concentration [22]. 6. Masking of the Van der Waals forces. By choosing a suspending medium with dielectric properties as close as possible to those of the solid (particularly at optical and UV frequencies), the van der Waals force is minimised. 46 Figure 3: Chapter 3 Methods of stabilising colloidal suspensions [21].

28 2841-66 (1993). 23. C. Günther, G. Hofer and W. Kleinlein, “The Stability of the Sealing Glass AF45 in H2/H2O and O2/N2 Atmospheres”, Electrochem. , 97 [18] 746-56 (1997). 24. A. W. N. D. 373 (1997). 25. M. 191 (1992). 26. Sintef Applied Chemistry, “Simulation and Cost Estimation of Membrane Steam Reformers”, Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (1996). &KDSWHU &ROORLGDOSURFHVVLQJRI FHUDPLFPHPEUDQHVXSSRUWV *HQHUDOLQWURGXFWLRQ 1. Introduction In the preparation of multi-layered ceramic membranes, the quality of the support is of crucial importance to the integrity of the membrane layers that are applied in the subsequent preparation steps.

3. Steric stabilisation. Particles with large molecules adsorbed on the surface are repelled by each other because the freedom for chain movement decreases if particles approach (this Colloidal processing of ceramic membrane supports. General introduction 45 would imply a decrease of entropy). For small enough particles, Brownian motion is then sufficient to keep the particles suspended for an indefinite time. Note that the polymer must not adsorb too strong on the particles because if polymer segments stick strongly and irreversibly to the first area of the surface that they encounter, further polymer adsorption is hindered and a comparatively poor polymer coverage of the surface may result.

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Hydrogen-selective silica membranes for use in membrane steam reforming by Arian Nijmeijer


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